Vận tốc ánh sáng trong chân không

$c$

$n_{21}=\frac{n_2}{n_1}=\frac{c}{v}$

$$\begin{gathered} E=m{c}^2 \left(J;kg;m/s^2\right) \\ E=931,5.m \left(MeV;u\right) \end{gathered}$$

$m=\frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-{\displaystyle \frac{v^2}{c^2}}}}$

$$\begin{gathered} W_{lk}=[Z{m}_p+(A-Z)m_n-m_X].c^2 \left(J ; kg;m/s\right) \\ {W}_{lk}=\left[Z{m}_p+\left(A-Z\right)m_n-m_X\right].931,5 \left(MeV;u\right) \end{gathered}$$

$W_{lk}=∆m{c}^2$

$c\approx 3.{10}^{8}m/s$

$\lambda =cT=\frac{c}{f}=2\pi c\sqrt{LC}$

${\lambda }_{mn}=\frac{hc}{E_m-E_n}=\frac{hc}{-13,6e\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{m^2}}-{\displaystyle \frac{1}{n^2}}\right)}$ $\left(m\right)$

$$\begin{gathered} {\lambda }_{\infty m}=\frac{hc}{E_{\infty }-E_m}=\frac{hc.m^2}{13,6e}:phát ra \\ {\lambda }_{m\infty }=\frac{hc}{E_m-E_{\infty }}=\frac{hc.m^2}{13,6e}hấp thụ \end{gathered}$$

$$\begin{gathered} f_{m1}=\frac{E_m-E_1}{h}=\frac{-13,6e\left(\frac{1}{m^2}-1\right)}{h} \left(Hz\right) \\ {\lambda }_{m1}=\frac{hc}{E_m-E_1}=\frac{hc}{-13,6e\left({\displaystyle \frac{1}{m^2}-1}\right)} \left(m\right) \end{gathered}$$

$∆E=E_{\infty }-E_1=\frac{hc}{{\lambda }_{\infty 1}}$

$V_{max}=\frac{\epsilon -A}{e}=\frac{hc}{e}\left(\frac{1}{\lambda }-\frac{1}{{\lambda }_0}\right)=\frac{h\left(f-f_0\right)}{e}$

$$\begin{gathered} V_{max}=Max\left(V_{1max};V_{2max};..\right) \\ khi \lambda =Min\left({\lambda }_1;{\lambda }_2;..\right)\le {\lambda }_0 hay f=Max\left(f_1;f_2;..\right)\ge f_0=\frac{c}{{\lambda }_0} \end{gathered}$$

$\lambda =\frac{hc}{V_{max}e+A}=\frac{1}{{\displaystyle \frac{V_{max}e}{hc}+\frac{1}{{\lambda }_0}}}$

$W_{đ}=\epsilon -A=h\left(f-f_0\right)=\frac{hc\lambda {\lambda }_0}{{\lambda }_0-\lambda }$

$v=\sqrt{\frac{2W_{đ}}{m_e}}=\sqrt{\frac{2\left(\epsilon -A\right)}{m_e}}=\sqrt{\frac{2hc}{m_e}\left(\frac{1}{\lambda }-\frac{1}{{\lambda }_0}\right)}=\sqrt{\frac{2e{U}_h}{m_e}}$

$\epsilon =\frac{hc}{\lambda }=hf$

$N_p=\frac{Pt}{\epsilon }=\frac{Pt}{hf}=\frac{Pt\lambda }{hc}$

${\epsilon }_0=\frac{hc}{{\lambda }_0}=h{f}_0$

$t=\frac{S}{c}$

$$\begin{gathered} C=\frac{1}{4{\pi }^2{c}^{2}L}.{\lambda }^2 \\ L=\frac{1}{4{\pi }^2{c}^{2}C}.{\lambda }^2 \end{gathered}$$

$f=\frac{c}{\lambda }=\frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}}$