Công thức liên quan Vấn đề 4: Thay đổi R để P mạch max (có chứa r nhỏ).

$$\begin{gathered} P_{mach}=\frac{U^2\left(R+r\right)}{{\left(R+r\right)}^2+{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2}=\frac{U^2}{R+r^{ }+{\displaystyle \frac{{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2}{R+r}}}\le \frac{U^2}{2\left|Z_L-Z_C\right|} \\ \to P_{mach}max=\frac{U^2}{2\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)} khi R+r=\left|Z_L-Z_C\right| \end{gathered}$$

$\tan \left(\phi \right)=\frac{Z_L-Z_C}{R+r}\to \tan \left(\phi \right)=\pm 1\to \phi =\pm \frac{\pi }{4}$

$$\begin{gathered} P_R=\frac{U^{2}R}{{\left(R+r\right)}^2+{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2}=\frac{U^2}{R^{ }+{\displaystyle \frac{r^2+{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2}{R}+2r}}\le \frac{U^2}{2\left(R+r\right)} \\ \to P_{R}max=\frac{U^2}{2\left(R+r\right)} khi R=\sqrt{{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2+r^2} \end{gathered}$$

$\cos \left(\phi \right)=\frac{R}{\sqrt{{\left(R+r\right)}^2+{\left(Z_L-Z_C\right)}^2}}=\frac{R}{\sqrt{2R(R-r)}}=\sqrt{\frac{R}{2\left(R+r\right)}}$